Depression Is Predictive Of Substance Abuse Outcomes

Recent research further suggests that depression is predictive of substance abuse outcomes. In a study done by Sihlova (2008), suggested early onset of depressive disorders predicted multiple substance use outcomes, including frequent alcohol use, and frequent daily smoking from a sample of 1545 adolescent twins assessed at baseline age 14, and then again at age 17.5. Moreover, depression was found to be a risk factor for smoking in females but not males. Fleming et al. 2008 also suggested that depressive symptoms were more strongly associated with substance use in females than males. Therefore, there are known sex differences in depression, and depression may elevate the chance for increased substance use and victimization among adolescent females. These findings agree with the study done by Luk, Wang, and Simons-Morton (2010) found. Their study specifically focused on the mediating role of depression in the association between substance use and victimization in a national sample of tenth-grade male and female adolescents. Their results indicated that victimization was positively correlated with substance use in both females and males. Also, their meditational analysis showed that depression mediated the link between victimization and substance use for females only, and no noteworthy meditational depression effect was found in males. Their result s depict sex differences between depression and substance use is consistent with previous research, meaning victimization inShow MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Emotions805 Words   |  4 PagesPANAS in a heterogeneous sample of 416 substance users seeking treatment at an outpatient treatment facility. In order to do so, the experimenters used data from four random clinical trials, each of which included the PANAS in their assessments. 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Nonetheless, not all areRead MoreTeenage Drug And Alcohol Abuse2166 Words   |  9 PagesTeenage drug and alcohol abuse can come from a number of different factors such as emotional disorders, stress, social events and other adolescent pressures. Adolescent is a period of time when teens have a lot of pressures to fit in, establish their own identities, it’s also a time of growth and development, and also the great desire to fit in which leads teens to give into peer pressure. Teens are going through an emotional change in themselves emotionally, physica lly and also hormonally duringRead MoreWhat Is A Co Occurring Disorder? Essay2263 Words   |  10 Pagesindividuals suffer on a daily basis with one mental disorder let alone multiple. Few have the resources needed to cope and can turn to other methods of improvement without thinking about the potential outcomes of addictions and worsen their condition. Mental disorders are often than not linked to substance abuse because of the stigma placed over humanity. Society places such a constricting grasp on what is considered normal that people are hiding their symptoms and attempting to mask them to get by; onlyRead MoreThe Effects Of Teenage Dating Violence And Abusive Relationships Among Adolescents1575 Words   |  7 Pagestheir age who is being abused by their partner. Abuse can have negative impacts on you physically and mentally and there are multiple different types of abuse. This paper explores the negative effects of teenage dating violence and abusive relationships among adole scents, and how these types of relationships can affect the human mind and cause psychological and mental issues. The Three Evils This theme shows that there are three main types of abuse, some common and some not so common. These three

Enron Case The Smartest Guys Of The Room - 1149 Words

In review of the Enron case, executives higher up exploited their privileges and power, participated in unreliable treatment of external and internal communities. These executives placed their own agendas over the employees and public, and neglected to accept responsibility for ethical downfalls or use appropriate management. As a result, employees followed their unethical behavior (Johnson, 2015). Leaders have great influence in an organization, but policies will not be effective if they do not abide by the policies established. â€Å" Enron: The Smartest Guys in the Room† demonstrates how the nature of people do not change, whether it’s terminating employees as way to handle issues, or ongoing fascinations for profitable advances. Enron’s collapse produced a culture that prioritized profitable gains. The first important factor in the Enron case advanced interests on share price. The second factor how the company was liberalized over the past 20 years along with the reduction of legal responsibility of investment banks and accounting firms. The third factor, which is the most important, was the immediate alteration of pay packages given to investment bankers, executives, and accountants (Barreveld, 2002). In this case, the factors mentioned above was a result of the culture implemented by the executive leaders whom were influenced by unethical behaviors they engaged in. One could agree that Enron was definitely reaping the bad seeds that theShow MoreRelatedEnron, The Natural Gas Provider Essay923 Words   |  4 Pages Enron, the natural gas provider turned trader of natural gas commodities and in 1994, electric, was once touted as the seventh largest company in America. Kenneth Lay, founder, began changing Enron from just a provider into a financial energy powerhouse. 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Why We Hate the Smart Kids free essay sample

Personally I think teachers should make the most since they are ones who actually teach everyone; including the doctors, nurses and firefighters. But it seems like everything is backwards: Instead the actors making billions and trillions, it should be the people who save like firefighters and doctors. I never quite understood it but what’s to understand. I was never into popularity like my peers were because I was brought up on being the â€Å"Smart kid† and don’t be a statistic. My parents believed if you joined tons of clubs in middle school and in high school you get good grades in all the four years you were in high school then you would go to an excellent University and live comfortable for the rest of your life. My parents encouraged me to be â€Å"The nerd. † Don’t fit in! But like Grant mentioned in his essay that nerds are never gloried as much as the football players. â€Å" Why do people who spend years in school make minimum wage but the people who are actors or rappers make billions of dollars and barely have any education?. † That’s a question I always wanted to ask but no one, not even my parents, seem to have the answer. Personally I think teachers should make the most since they are ones who actually teach everyone; including the doctors, nurses and firefighters. But it seems like everything is backwards: Instead the actors making billions and trillions, it should be the people who save like firefighters and doctors. I never quite understood it but what’s to understand. I was never into popularity like my peers were because I was brought up on being the â€Å"Smart kid† and don’t be a statistic. My parents believed if you joined tons of clubs in middle school and in high school you get good grades in all the four years you were in high school then you would go to an excellent University and live comfortable for the rest of your life. My parents encouraged me to be â€Å"The nerd. † Don’t fit in! But like Grant mentioned in his essay that nerds are never gloried as much as the football players. Even thou I wasn’t into popularity I still wanted to be acknowledged for my intellectuality which was belittled. But wanting to â€Å"fit in† in high school was common, no one wants the title â€Å"nerds†, because if you are a nerd then you are never asked out, never invited to any parties or have any friends just because you are a nerd. â€Å"Nerds† are excluded from social activity because of their label, and that label in turn intensifies through the resulting lack of social contact. † (Grant Penrod) It could be due to the media because majority broadcast you don’t have to be smart to be successful. And if you look on the internet and see how much doctors make verses singers it is a big difference. I am not saying all singers or rappers didn’t go to school or/and they are not smart, but some do not have doctorates and make 80,000 a day. Lawyers don’t even make that much and they been in school for years. For being in school all those years you would think it would pay off. If I were a kid now I would think,† why go to school if I could just become a rapper or a singer and make more than people who actually go to school for years? That is the way a lot of teenagers are thinking; about dropping out of high school because a lot of my guy friends are dropouts because they are noticing rappers are making more than people who graduated colleges. â€Å"Most people affected by the media are teenagers† (Grant Penrod). But that is because a lot of teenagers do what they call â€Å"what’s in†. If smoking is cool then majority of the teens will do it just because everyone is doing it . Some nerds will also go that far just to â€Å"fit in†. But fitting in does not guarantee automatically popularity. I think you don’t have to hide your intellectuality for other people benefits, it’s not a handicap. It’s a gift that should be spread like a virus and acted upon on. You never know you may change someone life, you might inspire a drop-out to go back to school and get a degree because that is what we need in our society. Everyone is forgetting how important knowledge is and going for the short cut in life. Being someone helpful in the future requires enriching your knowledge; not just by improving it. When you enrich your knowledge you are improving for a better future; not just yours the generation next.

Issues in Wal-Mart business Operation-Free-Samples for Students

Question: Discuss about the Various Issues in Wal-Mart business Operation. Answer: Introduction Operation management is a practice of bringing highest efficiency in a business by utilizing the resources in a proper way. Transformation of the material and the labor into goods and service is the basic process of business operation (Christopher 2016). It is the prime duty of the operation management to keep a balance between the operation cost and the revenue to achieve the highest profitability in an organization. This study deals with the operation management of in the context of Wal-Mart. However, Wal-Mart is an American multinational retail corporation having a chain of the hypermarket. Based on the revenue Walmart is considered as the largest organization in the world. This organization offers the largest grocery to the customers in USA and different countries in the world. This current study will focus the strategic issue, quality management issue and other operational issues in Walmart (walmart.com, 2017). Discussion of the problems regarding the strategy, inventory, quality management, location planning and design of Wal-Mart One of the vital business strategies of Wal-Mart is to dominate in the retail industry. Therefore, to expand their business in U.S and the global market is another strategy of Wal-Mart. Apart from this company recognition and development of the positive brand is other missions of this organization. However, there are some drawbacks in such strategy one of the most important is out of the small business from the markets as due to the dominance of Wal-Mart such small enterprises are not able to afford low price and diversification of the goods (Businessinsider.in, 2017). On the other hand, the business system of the Wal-Mart takes a giant form and differentiates into various departments including electronics, pharmacy, and grocery. This is hard to operate properly for Wal-Mart. Therefore, Wal-Mart is expanding their business both locally and internationally, which brings fear for the other organizations in the same market segment. Quality management of Walmart includes some problems, however, this organization has three tiers of quality standards in the operation management. The lower tier is used for its maximum brands based on the minimum demand of a large number of customers. On the other hand, middle tier is applied to the employees especially for the sales executives to determine their performance (Shabbir, 2017). This is a problem, as here the performance of the sales personnel can be determined not all employees. Next, the upper tier is used for the minority outputs of Walmart this creates a problem for the other brands of Walmart. Wal-Mart follows vendor-managed inventory model and cross-docking inventory management both are beneficial for the suppliers to use the information system of Wal-Mart to deliver the product and to minimize the inventory size. One of the major problems of vendor managed inventory system is it is very common in all business and the stakeholders have to give much time for this inventory management (Fredendall Hill, 2017). On the other hand, the suppliers often fail to give finished product to the customers through cross docking inventory management. Location planning and design of the product includes some problems in the context of Wal-Mart. Wal-Mart establishes their stores to the urban areas to expand their market and make the product available to the target customers. They also use online information system to get real-time information (Ji, Gunasekaran Yang, 2014). However, such location strategy of Wal-Mart only based on the urban areas and the target market and there is no account of the expansion of location for the customers of rural area. On the other hand, this firm follows the design process that allows for mass production. However, there is lack of creativity in the Wal-Mart design process. Identification of the problems of quality management and the location planning in context of Wal-Mart Primary issues Wal-Mart has been facing from quality management and location planning issues that are the two major areas of the operational management. Quality management issue There are three tires in the quality management system of the Wal-Mart. The lower tier focuses on the minimum expectations of the customers regarding the quality of the product and supply chain management. However, this tier is applicable for the maximum brands of the Wal-Mart. Therefore, the middle tire focuses on the average quality of the low-cost retailer (). However, the performance of the sales executives can be measured by this tier while this tier is not applicable to measure the performance of all employees that is a big issue of such quality management standard. On the other hand, the upper tier of Wal-Mart is only applicable for the products of Sam's Choice brand. Hence, this is a major drawback of Wal-Mart's quality management process as this upper tier is only used for the specific brand, not for the other brands. On the other hand, Wal-Mart focuses on the low price and with huge production, as a result, it often difficult for Wal-Mart to give a good quality product in l ow price to the customers. However, the operation cost is high in the supply chain management that hampers the business of the Wal-Mart. Therefore, Wal-Mart has a huge number of stores and their investment in the operation management is too high, which also affects their quality management process as they often fail to manage the stock in all stores. Apart from this vendor managed inventory and cross-docking are the two inventory management process of Wal-Mart however, in the cross-docking process often this organization fails to give ready products to the customers that affect the quality process of this organization (Huchzermeier, 2016). Location planning issues Location planning is a big part of the operation management in an organization as based on this the sales of the organization can be measured (Hill, Jones Schilling, 2014). In the context of Wal-Mart, their location strategy focuses on the establishment of the stores in or near the urban area. This allows the organization to reach the target market, as goods are available to the target market through this location strategy (Xu et al., 2014). However, the establishment of the stores only the urban area is a major weakness of the Wal-Mart as it is necessary for them to establish their stores in the rural areas also. Due to the development of stores in the urban location, this organization fails to cover the customers of rural area that affects their market share and profitability. Wal-Mart has 11,695 stores worldwide and their store volume is large that maximizes their investment. However, only the target customers of the urban areas get facilities by their location strategy that is t he major drawback of their location planning. Other issues of Wal-Mart in operation management Secondary issues Expansion of the Wal-Mart both nationally and internationally is a big barrier to their operation management. However, such strategy of Wal-Mart forces other small organizations to out of the market, as it is difficult for them to afford low price and differentiation of the products. As a result, such small organization becomes their competitors, which affects their business. Apart from this Wal-Mart uses children for the work in the developing country that is a big drawback of their operation process which highlights the lack of social responsibility of this organization (Nguyen, 2017). Hence, use of the child labor in the developing country hampers the social image of such organization. Such issues hamper the business of the Wal-Mart as well as their social responsibility that also affects their brand image. Discussion of the alternatives to resolve the problems of Wal-Mart regarding the quality management and location planning Total Quality Management TQM or total quality management is a good process to improve the quality of the organization (Aquilani et al., 2017). This approach enables the organization to establish a permanent climate to produce high-quality products and the service. In the context of Wal-Mart there, some major issues in their quality management system regarding the poor inventory management, performance measurement and produce high-quality products with low price. Application of TQM enables an organization to understand the customer's requirements. Hence, it will help Wal-Mart to offer the product based on the demand of the target market. TQM will help Wal-Mart to reduce the cost that is one of the objectives of Wal-Mart. On the other hand, customer satisfaction is another benefit of TQM that can be achieved by the Wal-Mart. However, customer satisfaction is associated with the customer demand (Pun Yiu, 2017). Wal-Mart can reduce the time to fix the error by the application of TQM. This gives the quality assu rance of the team performance in Wal-Mart. Hence, the Total quality management system is crucial for such organization to manage the quality of the supply chain and reduce the operation cost in the business (Huchzermeier, 2016). Hence, adoption of TQM will be beneficial for the Wal-Mart to maintain the quality of the business operation. Apart from TQM providing training to the employees is another effective process to reduce the issue of quality management (Winterhalter, Zeschky Gassmann, 2016). However, proper training to the employees will help them to manage the inventory by utilizing the technology, which ensures the quality of the operation management. Establishment of the small stores to get a big win Wal-Mart has established many stores in the urban areas and their stores are large as a result they have to invest more for such stores. On the other hand, an opening of the large store in the urban areas resists the people of the rural area to get access to the Wal-Mart business. However, it is important to a business organization to develop more and small stores in every location to enhance their business (Linder Williander, 2017). In the recent years, Wal-Mart has started to open the neighborhood smaller market. This will be an effective alternative way to minimize the issues regarding the location planning. This alternative way gives a bright spot to such retail organization to earn more form their investment. According to the statistical data, the sales revenue generation of Wal-Mart is increased by 7.9% after the implementation of this location planning (Cnbc.com, 2017). 15 neighborhood market stores have established by Wal-Mart to reduce the issues regarding their location st rategy. However, this alternative also reduces the investment cost of Wal-Mart that is expanded during the establishment of a large store. On the other hand, development of small stores in the different location will maximize the accessing power of the customers. Apart from this establishment of the stores in the rural areas will be effective for Wal-Mart to enhance their business by minimizing issues regarding location planning. This will enable the customers of the rural areas to purchase the products from Wal-Mart and it also increases the sale (Ramanathan, U., Subramanian, Yu Vijaygopal, 2017). Advantages and disadvantages of the alternatives regarding the issues of quality management and the location planning TQM or total quality management strategy is effective for Wal-Mart to resolve the issue of their quality management. This approach has both advantages and the disadvantages. However, TQM provides assurance of the better quality performance and it reduces the operation cost of the business (Hossain, Tasnim Hasan, 2016). This approach enables Wal-Mart to gain competitive advantages, as by the application of such strategy Wal-Mart is able to understand the current demand of the customers in the market. However, by restoring the method of TQM Wal-Mart will be able to reduce the competition in the market. One of the major drawbacks of TQM is the high cost. However, this technique is expensive to implement (Wrigley Wood, 2017). Therefore, it is a long-term process and takes more time to show outcomes. On the other hand, the organizational culture of Wal-Mart needs to be changed for the implementation of TQM as it focuses on the continuous improvement. Training process is good for Wal-Mart to improve the technical skills of their employees and it will help them to manage the quality of the supply chain management. However, training program is costly, which increases the operation cost and this is the major drawback of such alternative. Establishment of the small stores will help Wal-Mart to increase the sales revenue generation and to reduce the investment. However, often the small stores become crowded and it is difficult to manage a large inventory in the small stores (Fiorino Bhan, 2016). On the other hand, opening of stores in the rural areas will increase the number of customers for Wal-Mart however, it is difficult to transport the product to the rural areas and shipping of goods is also critical. Explanation of the best solution TQM is the best solution between the two solutions of reducing the issues regarding quality management (Aquilani et al., 2017). However, TQM reduces the operation cost and enables Wal-Mart to identify the current demand of the market while training only improves the employee skill. On the other hand, the establishment of small stores in urban areas is beneficial than establishment of stores in rural areas. However, purchasing power of the people is greater in urban areas rather than rural areas. Thus, launching of more small stores in the different locations of urban areas will be effective for Wal-Mart Recommendations Performance measurement is a good process to manage the quality of Wal-Mart as it will make the employees more effective. Use of modern technology will be helpful for Wal-Mart to improve the quality management process as it enables the employees to manage the inventory properly. Establishment of the stores in high traffic areas can be effective for Wal-Mart to improve the location planning process. Increasing the availability of the stores in each location will reduce the problem of location planning in the context of Wal-Mart. Conclusion This entire study focuses on the operation management of Wal-Mart and problems regarding the location planning and the quality management. However, TQM and establishment of the small stores are beneficial for this organization to minimize such operational issues. The product's design of such organization includes a unique way that is beneficial for the mass production. On the other hand, quality of the product of Walmart is high that easily gain the customer attention. TQM will enable such organization to maintain their service quality. Application of TQM enables the organization to identify the needs of their target customers that allows them to increase their market share. In order to improve the quality of any process of the operation management, TQM is required. References Aquilani, B., Aquilani, B., Silvestri, C., Silvestri, C., Ruggieri, A., Ruggieri, A., ... Gatti, C. (2017). A systematic literature review on total quality management critical success factors and the identification of new avenues of research.The TQM Journal,29(1), 184-213. Businessinsider.in. (2017).The founder of Jet.com explains Walmart's strategy to beat Amazon. Retrieved 7 October 2017, from https://www.businessinsider.in/The-founder-of-Jet-com-explains-Walmarts-strategy-to-beat-Amazon/articleshow/60863010.cms Christopher, M. (2016).Logistics supply chain management. Pearson UK. Cnbc.com. (2017).Wal-Mart knows it has problems; how it plans to fix them. Retrieved 8 October 2017, from https://www.cnbc.com/2015/05/19/wal-mart-knows-it-has-problems-how-it-plans-to-fix-them.html Fiorino, D. J., Bhan, M. (2016). Supply Chain Management as Private Sector Regulation: What does it Mean for Business Strategy and Public Policy?.Business Strategy and the Environment,25(5), 310-322. Fredendall, L. D., Hill, E. (2016).Basics of supply chain management. CRC Press. Hill, C. W., Jones, G. R., Schilling, M. A. (2014).Strategic management: theory: an integrated approach. Cengage Learning. Hossain, M. Z., Tasnim, M., Hasan, M. R. (2017). Is Quality Ensuring to Get Competitive Advantages in Auto Manufacturing Industries?A Study of Volvo Group.American Journal of Industrial and Business Management,7(01), 48. Huchzermeier, A. (2016). How Walmart built sustainability into the supply chain.The Business Management Collection. Ji, G., Gunasekaran, A., Yang, G. (2014). Constructing sustainable supply chain under double environmental medium regulations.International Journal of Production Economics,147, 211-219. Linder, M., Williander, M. (2017). Circular business model innovation: inherent uncertainties.Business Strategy and the Environment,26(2), 182-196. Nguyen, T. T. H. (2017). Wal-Marts successfully integrated supply chain and the necessity of establishing the Triple-A supply chain in the 21st century.Journal of Economics Management,29, 102-117. Pun, K. F., Yiu, M. Y. R. (2017). Assessing organisational KM performance based on the criteria of total quality management. InDecision Management: Concepts, Methodologies, Tools, and Applications(pp. 1663-1684). IGI Global. Ramanathan, U., Subramanian, N., Yu, W., Vijaygopal, R. (2017). Impact of customer loyalty and service operations on customer behaviour and firm performance: empirical evidence from UK retail sector.Production Planning Control,28(6-8), 478-488. Shabbir, M. S. (2016). Why Manufacturers are Less Powerful than Retailers in Trade Circles? A Case Study of Wal-Mart Retailing Business.Journal of Global Economics. walmart.com (2017). Walmart. Retrieved 7 October 2017, from https://www.walmart.com/ Winterhalter, S., Zeschky, M. B., Gassmann, O. (2016). Managing dual business models in emerging markets: An ambidexterity perspective.RD Management,46(3), 464-479. Wrigley, N., Wood, S. (2017). An Economic Geography of Globalizing Retail: Emergence, Characteristics, Contribution. Xu, L. X., Xu, Q., Liu, X. (2014). Wal-Mart and Carrefours supply chain management strategies in China.International Journal of Business and Management,9(7), 155.